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<title>Data access</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Data access</span></span>

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<p><b>Data access</b> is a generic term referring to a process which has both an IT-specific meaning and other connotations involving access rights in a broader legal and/or political sense. In the former it typically refers to software and activities related to storing, retrieving, or acting on <a href="Data" title="Data">data</a> housed in a <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> or other <a href="Information_repository" title="Information repository">repository</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2></div>

<p>Two fundamental types of data access exist:

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<ol><li><a href="Sequential_access" title="Sequential access">sequential access</a> (as in <a href="Magnetic_tape_data_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tape data storage">magnetic tape</a>, for example)</li>

<li><a href="Random_access" title="Random access">random access</a> (as in indexed <a href="Digital_media" title="Digital media">media</a>)</li></ol>

<p>Data access crucially involves <a href="Authorization" title="Authorization">authorization</a> to access different data repositories. Data access can help distinguish the abilities of administrators and users. For example, administrators may have the ability to remove, edit and add data, while general users may not even have "read" rights if they lack access to particular information.

</p><p>Historically, each repository (including each different database, <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a>, etc.), might require the use of different <a href="Method_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Method (computer science)">methods</a> and <a href="Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages">languages</a>, and many of these repositories stored their content in different and incompatible formats.

</p><p>Over the years standardized languages, methods, and formats, have developed to serve as interfaces between the often proprietary, and always idiosyncratic, specific languages and methods. Such standards include <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> (1974- ), <a href="ODBC" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC">ODBC</a> (ca 1990- ), <a href="JDBC" class="mw-redirect" title="JDBC">JDBC</a>, <a href="XQuery_API_for_Java" title="XQuery API for Java">XQJ</a>, <a href="ADO.NET" title="ADO.NET">ADO.NET</a>, <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> (1999- ), and <a href="Web_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Services">Web Services</a>.

</p><p>Some of these standards enable translation of data from <a href="Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">unstructured</a> (such as HTML or free-text files) to <a href="Structured_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured data">structured</a> (such as <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a> or <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>).

</p><p>Structures such as <a href="Connection_string" title="Connection string">connection strings</a> and DBURLs<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

can attempt to standardise methods of <a href="Database_connection" title="Database connection">connecting to databases</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Right_of_access_to_personal_data" title="Right of access to personal data">Right of access to personal data</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_access_object" title="Data access object">Data access object</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_access_layer" title="Data access layer">Data access layer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quickprogrammingtips.com/java/connecting-to-oracle-database-in-java.html">"Connecting to Oracle Database in Java"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-18</span></span>. <q>DBURL is of the form [...] jdbc:oracle:thin:@machinename:1521:databasename [...]</q></cite></span>

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